Tensile strength in annealed condition , yield, 98, psi. Tensile strength in annealed cold drawn , yield, , psi. TYPES , , Steel-Martensitic Stainless. This is a free machining type of alloy. Best performance is obtained if heat treated or cold worked to BHN. It is magnetic in the hardened condition and is not normally used in the annealed condition. Full anneal castings ooF 30 minutes minimum. Stabilizing anneal for service ooF, ooF, 1 hour per inch thickness, 2 hours minimum for plate.
Alloy may be hardened only by cold work. Harden: ooF, cool rapidly, oil and quench. Tensile - Yield strength is as follows: 1 Annealed - Tensile 75, psi, yield 40, psi. Weldability is poor except by use of low-hydrogen electrodes. Temper: range. Temper: Temper: Temper: ooF. Avoid ooF temper oF for , psi. HEAT TREATMENT Type steel must be protected from contamination at furnace temperature by dry inert atmosphere organ, helium or vacuum in the furnace working zones, except that air or salt bath furnaces may be employed for tempering operations.
Parts shall be transferred from furnace working zones to the oil bath within a second interval prior to quenching. Materials in the solutiontreated condition not more than 2 percent segregated ferrite or austenite in the microstructure may be hardened by the following treat treatment. HT CONDITION Austenitize at o25oF for 30 minutes, quickly transfer from furnace to oil quenching bath at not over oF followed by refrigeration at oF10oF for 2 hours, tempering at oF25oF for 2 hours, air cool, and f inal temper at o25oF for 2 hours; or austenitize o25oF for 30 minutes, marquench into salt bath at oF, air cool to room temperature, refrigerate at o10oF for 2 hours, temper o25oF for 2 hours, air cool, temper oF for 2 hours.
HT , tensile Austenitize at o25oF for 30 minutes, quickly transfer from furnace to oil quench to bath at not over oF, temper o25oF for 2 hours, air cool, temper o25oF for 2 hours.
This is a medium carbon grade of martensitic stainless which in the past has been intensively used in the cutlery industry. It has recently proved satisfactory for air weapon application where its high strength permits heat treatment for tensile strength up to , psi. Shearing type operations such as blanking and punching are not recommended. It machines best in conditions having approximately BHN. Subcritical anneal ooF, 3 hours minimum, air cool.
Austenitize ooF oil quench, depending on section size. Heavy sections should be preheated at oF. Temper ooF, 3 hours minimum. Tempering between ooF is not generally recommended due to reduced ductility and corrosion resistance. This alloy is suitable for highly stressed parts in corrosive environment. Avoid tempering or holding within range from o to oF. Age condition C of cold rolled sheet or cold drawn wire to condition CH , o to oF for 1 hour. These steels are similar except for carbon range, therefore they are grouped since heat treatment requirements are the same.
These steels are used for cutlery, valves, etc. Temper: ooF. Harden: ooF, cool rapidly. Steel, Martensitic Stainless, Precipitation Hardening. This stainless steel possesses high strength and good corrosion and oxidation resistance up to oF.
Steel Martensitic Stainless Precipitation Hardening. This stainless steel possesses good corrosion resistance, may be machined and formed in its annealed condition, and is used up to temperatures of oF. Solution anneal ooF, 30 minutes per inch of thickness, air cool.
Welding is not recommended. This alloy is a further development of PH alloy and due to molybdenum content it can be heat treated to high strength at room and elevated temperature up to oF. The heat treatment is identical to PH and other properties are identical or similar to PH.
FORMS - sheet, strip, plate, bars and forgings. PH MO. This alloy sheet is similar to PH MO except it has slightly lower tensile and yield strength but considerable higher toughness and superior welding characteristics.
In general this alloy is unstable during exposure to temperatures exceeding oF, which is a common characteristic of precipitation hardening stainless steels. Condition A - annealed C cold worker. Solution anneal sheet and strip, ooF, 3 minutes per 0. Bar and forgings solution anneal ooF, 30 minutes per inch thickness, water quench. Age condition C, sheet cold rolled or wire cold drawn to condition CH , by heating o oF for 1 hour, air cool. Aging at ooF or ooF is generally used with the higher temperature giving somewhat lower strength but af ter better toughness.
Age cold worked alloy, condition C, ooF or ooF, 1 hour, air cool. This alloy is subject to salt stress corrosion, however, early test indicate it is superior in this respect to PH and PH MO. This general welding characteristics is similar to PH. Higher toughness may be obtained by annealing af ter welding and then heat treating. These stainless steels are not heat treatable, but can be hardened to a limited extent by cold working or hot cold working.
In chemical composition DL contains columbium which was replaced by a higher molybdenum and titanium conten in DX. Age to condition SCT o to oF. Thoroughly degreased and cleaned prior to annealing to avoid harmful surface reactions and to facilitate subsequent pickling. Allowance must also be made for growth which will result from heat treating. The expansion on aging from condition H to set amounts to 0.
Steel - Age Hardening stainless This alloy combines high strength at temperatures up to oF with the corrosive resistance of stainless steel. This alloy differs from AM by a lower chromium and a higher carbon content.
It possesses good formability in the high temperature annealed condition. Corrosion resistance of this alloy is slightly lower than that of AM Bar should not be annealed to condition H unless subsequently subjected to forgings.
Condition H plate, if not subsequently severely cold formed, should be equalized before annealing to condition L and aging to condition SCT. Bar forgings and tubing, 1 hour minimum per inch thickness, oil or water quench.
Age condition SCT , o to oF. Age to condition SCT , o to oF. Double age condition L to condition DA, o to oF 1 to 2 hours, air cool to 80oF, o to oF, 3 hours minimum. Homogenize sand and shell mold castings, oF, hours, air cool up to 1 inch thick, oil or water quench, section above 1 inch. Steel - Age Hardening Stainless. This is a precipitation hardening austenitic steel, with high rupture and creep properties in the ooand not prone to overage at these temperatures.
In the solution annealed condition it has a Brinell hardness of maximum. It has a low Avoid higher temperatures to prevent resolution and precipitation of carbides. Solution Treat: Same as anneal. Stress relief: o to oF 4 hours air cool. This treatment is applied to hot worked or hot cold worked material for service up to oF.
It is also applied to cold worked materials immediately af ter working to prevent stress cracking. Age: Bar and forgings, o to oF, casting o to oF, 8 hours minimum, air cool. NOTE Intergranular corrosion may occur in certain environments unless annealed at oF, followed by rapid cooling. This alloy is one of a series of age hardening steels which combines high strength at temperatures up to oF and higher with the corrosion resistance of stainless steels.
This material is very susceptible to work hardening. It is somewhat inferior to regular 18cr-8ni stainless types, however, machining requirements are similar requiring heavy positive feeds and sharp cutting tools. Welding is not recommended, however brazing may be successfully accomplished by use of orayacetylene torch and furnace methods, using an alloy conforming to specif ication AMS The optimum solution treatment for best properties af ter aging is approximately oF.
Age oF, 16 hours, air cool. Steel - Nickel Chromium Stainless Austenitic. This alloy has a good combination of tensile and creep rupture properties up to oF at high stresses and is used for some parts of aircraf t gas turbines. Steel - Iron - Chromium - Nickel - Alloy. This alloy was developed as a replacement for alloy and contains less nickel. However, the lower nickel content is balanced by additional manganese which allows an increase in the nitrogen content that can be retained during melting.
Bar, forging. Solution treat ooF, air cool, water or oil quench, depending on section size. At a temperature of oF a tensile of , and yield of , psi is obtained.
Bar, Forging. This is a solid solution - hardening alloy for service at ooF where strength and corrosion resistance is important. Used for guide vanes in gas turbines, af ter burner parts and high temperature springs. Chief ly furnished in sheet, but may be supplied in billet, bar, forging and wire. Solution treatment for thick sections ooF, 1 hour, water quench. Age oF for 16 hours. Stress relieve cold worked alloy oF, 2 hours.
TYPE V Available in as cast condition. Age hardening: Above oF susceptible to age hardening which increases alloy strength but causes loss in ductility. Tensile Strength: As cast, tensile strength , psi.
Rockwell As cast, RC Cobalt Base Corrosion Resistant Alloy. This alloy may be air melted or air cast. It is used as gas turbine blades and rotors within the heat range ooF. Available as castings and investment castings. This is a casting alloy generally used in the as-castcondition.
It is used for investment cast parts requiring high stress rupture properties at elevated temperatures, has excellent castability and foundry characteristics. Primary use has been f irst-stage turbine vanes. Alternate Designations. This material is generally used in the as cast condition. The best creep rupture properties are in the ooF range. Solution treat ooF 1 hour minimum, rapid air cool. This treatment reduces tensile properties below oF and lowers creep rupture strength.
Aging oF 4 hours air cool af ter solution treating, results in higher tensile properties than as cast material, but creep rupture properties are somewhat lower than the as cast alloy. As-Cast hardness at room temperature RC Nickel Base Corrosive Resistant Alloy. GMR and GMRD are nickel based alloys precipitation hardening, high temperature alloys developed for investment cast gas turbine wheels, buckets and vanes, operating above oF.
They are similar to Hastelloy R but contain more aluminum. The composition with maximum aluminum and titanium content is designated GMRD. Material treated at higher solution temperature oF is subject to strain-age cracking. Final heat treatment af ter fabrication of sheet and bar depends upon properties desired. To obtain maximum long time stress-rupture life, solution treat at o oF, 15 minutes, water quench. Then heat to ooF, hold at temperature for 30 minutes and cool in still air.
To obtain maximum room and high temperature tensile strength or short time rupture strength, solution treat at ooF hold at temperature for 30 minutes and air cool.
Then age at ooF hold at temperature for 16 hours and air cool. For heavier sections of both alloys temperatures should be increased to oF, 2 to 4 hours, air cool.
Aging at oF, 5 hours from the as cast condition improves the stress rupture life of the alloy. These alloys precipitation harden rapidly during air cooling and aging treatments are usually unnecessary.
As-Cast room temperatures hardness for both alloys is RC36 maximum. Tensile , psi yield 90, psi. Form This material is available in wrought form only, except that GMR is available in cast form.
Nickel Base Corrosion Resistant Alloy. This is a nickel base aluminum-titanium precipitation hardening alloy. It possesses high strength up to oF with good resistance to oxidation and overaging in high temperature service. This alloy is readily fabricated and welded in the solution treated condition. Steel Nickel Chromium Stainless Alloy. This is a relatively new alloy and heat treatment and fabrication procedures are still under development.
It has good properties up to oF, slow response to age-hardening and good ductility from ooF. It is readily welded in either the annealed or aged condition. Sheet, Strip, Bar, Investment Castings. Solution treat rods, bars and forgings ooF.
Somewhat higher creep rupture properties are obtained at the higher temperatures. Solution treat sheet at oF. Single age anneal alloy at oF 16 hours, air cool. Double age anneal alloy at oF 8 hours, furnace cool, 20oF per hour to oF air cool or oF 8 hours, furnace cool, oF per hour to oF, hold 8 hours, air cool. Both of. Distortion is comparatively low if material is subsequently solution treated and water quenched. Best machinability is obtained in the fully aged condition af ter either oil or water quenching from solution treating temperature.
This alloy may be fusion welded if copper and gas backing with a tight hold down is used. Start and f inish should be made on metal tab of the same thickness using an inert gas atmosphere of 2 helium to 1 argon. Following the torch with a water spray reduces the hardness and produces maximum ductility in the weld and heat affected zones. This alloy has higher elevated temperature tensile and stress-rupture strength than most wrought cobalt or nickel based alloys.
It also has superior creep resistance, fatigue strength and high oxidation resistance. Welding is generally not recommended.
Solution treat ooF 30 minutes, quench or air cool. Hardenability: Alloy must be water quenched to retain sof t solution treated conditions.
Solution annealing for forgings ooF 4 hours air cool. Solution treat. Intermediate aging ooF 24 hours air cool. Final aging ooF 16 hours air cool. Hardens by aging and cold working. RENE This alloy possesses exceptional mechanical properties at temperatures up to oF. It can be formed and also welded in the annealed condition. If cooled at a slower rate than specif ied, e. This is a nickel base investment casting alloy which is strengthened by addition of cobalt, aluminum and titanium.
It has high creep strength and excellent oxidation resistance in the high temperature range ooF combined with good room temperature strength. The cutting tool angles back rake, side clearance, front clearance, and side rake are highly important in the machining of metals. The range of values based on general practice for the machining of steel and steel alloys, are as follows: a.
Back rake angle, degrees. Side rake angle, degrees. Front clearance angle, degrees. Side clearance angle, degrees. Investment castings. This material has as-cast hardness of RC This alloy has excellent resistance to creep at very high temperatures. It is designed for use as turbine blades and rotors used in gas turbines. Corrosion resistance is good and resistance to oxidation under repeated heating and cooling is very good.
Sheet, Strip, Bar. Double age oF, 16 hours, air cool and oF, 8 hours, air cool. Where stress rupture strength above oF is not the important property, but tensile strength, elongation and impact strength up to oF is desired, the following heat treatment is recommended. Solution treat oF, 4 hours, air cool. There are f ive basic factors affecting machinability as related to steel: a. The capacity and rigidity of the machine Cutting f luids.
Regardless of the material of which the cutting tool is made, the cutting action is the same. The main difference is the cutting speed. The carbon-steel tool cuts at low speed.
The highspeed tool cuts at twice the speed of carbon-steel, the cast alloys at twice the speed of high-speed steel, and the sintered carbides at twice that of the cast alloys. The cutting speeds listed in Table are approximate speeds using high-speed steel tools, and are to be used only as a basis from which proper speeds for a particular part may be calculated.
In order to obtain an approximate starting speed for different steels, select the type of operation, the width, depth or diameter of cut and obtain the recommended cutting speed for SAE from Table then refer to Table for the percent rating of the metal to be machined, and multiply the SFM value from Table by the rating in Table The result is the recommended surface feet per minute SFM for the cutting operation.
For a known diameter and surface feet per minute SFM be used for an operation, the corresponding revolution per minute RPM can be obtained from Table The term cutting feed is used to express the axial distance the tool moves in each revolution. A course feed is usually used for roughing operations, and a f ine feed for f inishing operations. In general, the feed remains the same for different cutting tool steels, and only the speed is changed.
Approximate cutting feeds are listed in Table For tool corrections when improper machining on an operation is encountered, refer to Table for recommended checks. The use of a proper coolant cutting f luid of ten results in an increase of cutting speed for the same tool life, and also acts as a lubricant giving better cutting action and surface f inish.
Recommended cutting f luids for steels are lard oil, mineral oils, sulphurized oils, and soluble or emulsif iable oils. Design composition and hardness of the cutting tool. Cutting condition with respect to feeds and speeds. Table Width Width Width Width Width 0. BRINELL HARDNESS SURFACE FEET PER MINUTE Tool overhand reduce to minimum 2. Work Support eliminate vibration 3. Nose radius too large a radius may cause chatter 4.
Tool clearance be sure end cutting edge angle is suff icient 5. Feed increase feed if too light a feed has tendency to rub rather than cut 6. Tool load vary side cutting edge angle to correct improper load 7. Chip breaker widen breaker if chips are too tight. Edge sharpness Hone or chamber slightly 2. Chip Breaker widen breaker if tight chip causes chipping 3. Speed Increase 4. Coolant Heating and cooling of tip may cause chipping. Feed Increase 2. Speed Low and excessive speeds cause tool wear 3.
Relief angles clearance may not be suff icient 4. Nose radius decrease size. Speed rough f inishes can be eliminated by increasing speed 2. Nose radius too large a nose radius mats f inish. The corrosion resisting steels, especially the grades, are more diff icult to machine than the carbon steels and most other metals. To improve machining characteristics of some types, their chemical content is modif ied by adding selenium Se and sulfur S. The modif ied alloys which are usually. Exceptions are types and This table is only intended as a starting point and is not intended to replace any information accumulated through experience or other available data.
In machining of the corrosion resisting steels, diff iculty will be experienced from seizing, galling and stringing. To overcome these problems requires control of speeds, cutting tools, and lubricants. Avoid overheating cutting tool when grinding to prevent surface and stress cracking.
Grind tools with generous lip rake and with ample side and front clearance. In general, use slow speeds and heavy feed to reduce effect of work hardening. Avoid riding of tool on work and intermittent cutting when possible.
Support cutting tool rigidly near work to prevent lash and other diff iculty from use of heavy cutting feeds. Selection of cutting tool is important for machining stainless due to tough machining characteristics. The following is a recommended guide for selection of tools: a. For general machining and short runs use high speed tool steels such as Tungsten Type T1. For long production runs at high speed, use Tungsten Carbides. NOTE Some types of tool steel are available in raw stock in accordance with Federal Specif ications, see paragraph Aspira on pulaski 6.
Bandwagon advertising examples of nike 7. Same auld lang syne lyrics 8. Johnson valley ca map 9. Fixed calculation tableau Fsis eastern lab contact Income guidelines for chip medicaid in texas Sip gateway service Dark berries with polyphenols supplements Harden: ooF, quench, water or oil.
Temper: oF for tensile , psi, yield 65, psi. Temper: oF for tensile , psi, yield 95, psi. This is a medium carbon type steel with high mechanical properties which may be further hardened and strengthened by heat treatment or by cold work. Application is similar to Anneal: ooF Tensile , psi, yield 54, psi annealed. Temper: oF for , tensile, 80, yield. Temper: oF for , tensile, 96, yield. Temper: oF for , tensile, 99, yield. See for application and characteristics. In addition this alloy is used for f lat springs and wire form as coil springs.
Anneal: ooF, furnace cool Tensile 90, yield 50, annealed. Harden: ooF, oil or water quench. Temper: oF for , psi tensile, 75, for yield. Temper: oF for , psi tensile, 90, for yield. Temper: oF for , psi tensile, , for yield. Steels of this type , , are in same category have similiar characteristics and are primarily used where higher carbon is needed to improve wear characteristics for cutting edges, as well as for manufacture of springs, etc.
Harden: ooF, water or oil quench Preheat. Hot Working Temperature: ooF. Temper: oF for , psi tensile. The high carbon content of this steel causes diff iculties in arc or gas welding processes. Welding by the thermit process is satisfactory. Hot formality is very good at ooF. See for applications and characteristics. Preheat and soak at oF to oF and quench in oil or water; tempering is optional.
Tensile strength hot rolled bars 65, Tensile strength cold drawn 83, Carbon Free Cutting Steel. This material is used where a combination of good machinability and uniform response to heat treatment is needed. It is suited for fabrication of small parts which are to be cyanided or carbonitrided and may be oil quenched af ter case hardening heat treating. Anneal: ooF Tensile ,, yield 66, psi annealed. Harden: ooF, quench oil.
Temper: oF for , tensile, 87, yield. Temper: oF for , tensile, , yield. See for applications. In addition these steels are used for f lat spring applications and in wire form as coil springs. Anneal: ooF Tensile 98, psi, yield 52, psi annealed furnace cool. To reduce annealing time, furnace cool to oF and air cool. Speroidize for maximum sof tness when required. Harden: ooF oil quench. Temper: oF for , psi tensile, 88, yield.
Temper: oF for , psi tensile, , yield. Harden: ooF, quench with water. Temper: oF for , psi tensile, 96, yield. Free Cutting. This steel is used as the standard for rating the machinability of other steels. It is easy to machine and resulting surface f inish is excellent. It has good brazing characteristics but is diff icult to weld except with the low hydrogen electrode E AWS. This and similar grades are widely used for parts for bolts, nuts, Pot Cool Reheat to oF.
Quench in water. Temper at oF Case depth 0. Case hardness 65 RC. Carbon, Free Cutting. This steel is intended for those uses where easy machining is the primary requirement.
It is characterized by a higher sulphur content than comparable carbon steels, which result in some sacrif ice of cold forming properties, weldability and forging characteristics. Harden oo, oil or water quench. Temper: oF for tensile , psi, yield , psi. Tensile strength: 85, psi, yield 50, psi in annealed condition.
Nickel Alloy. These specif ications cover steel castings for valves, f langes, f ittings and other pressure containing parts intended principally for low temperature parts. Temper: oF for tensile , psi, yield psi , Temper: oF for tensile , psi, yield psi 88, This steel may be welded by common welding procedures.
This is a heat treatable steel which develops high strength and toughness in moderate sections. It is used in highly stressed bolts, nuts, studs, turnbuckles, etc. Harden: ooF. Quench with oil. Temper: oFoF for tensile , psi, yield 90, psi.
Temper: oF for tensile , psi. Temper: oF for , psi. This metal is similar to , but has greater strength. It is an oil hardening steel. Harden: ooF, quench in oil. Temper: oF for , psi tensile, , psi yield.
This steel is quite similar to SAE and , both in composition and response to heat treatment. Nickel Chrome Alloy. This is a medium deep hardening steel capable of developing good strength and toughness when oil quenched. Temper: oF for tensile ,, yield 80, psi. Temper: oF for tensile ,, yield , psi. Steel Nickel Chromium Alloy. Harden: ooF, oil quench. Temper: o for Tensile 14, psi, yield , psi. Temper: oF for Tensile , psi, yield , psi. Temper: oF for Tensile , psi.
Nickel - Chromium Alloy. This steel has execeptionally high hardenability and is well suited for heavy parts which must have high, surface hardness combined with high and uniform properties when heat treated. It is commonly used in case hardened gears, pinions, etc. It is similar to Krupp Nickel Chromium except it contains more nickel. Temper: oF for tensile, , psi, yield 86, psi. Anneal: ooF, furnace cool to oF, air cool. Effective case depth 0. Molydenum Alloy.
This steel is used for such parts as gears, shaf ts, leaf and coil springs and hand tools. Temper: oF for , tensile psi. This is a high strength, heat resistant steel with a hour rupture strength of oF 30, psi tensile strength. It is used in turbine rotors, and for components of guided missiles, in which high temperatures are encountered for short periods.
Normalize: oF, cool in air. Harden: oF, quench in oil. Chromium - Molydenum Alloy. Typical usages for this material is in the manufacture of gear shaf ts axles, machine tool parts, etc. AMS Bar, forging, forging stock.
Larger sections may be fancooled in order to accelerate cooling. All sections should be so placed as to provide access of air to all surfaces. Anneal: oF, hold at this temperature 1 hour for each inch of section thickness. Cool down 20oF per hour to oF, then air cool.
Oil Quenching requires prior heating to oF, for each inch of thickness. Annealed bars, 1 inch diameter have tensile strength 87, yield strength, 67, This alloy may be welded by any of the commercial methods in use.
A welding rod corresponding to A S is available. When pre-heating is required depending upon size of section and type of welding procedure, a temperature of oF is generally used. Post heating or stress relief is recommended. This ultra-high strength steel has yield strength in the ,, psi range. It forms and welds readily. It was developed for use in high performances solid rocket motor cases.
Machining characteristics are similar to Austenitize CastingsooF,1 hour, oil quench. Spherodize: ooF, hours, furnace cool. Temper: oF for tensile ,, yield , SAE Steels: and have similar characteristics. Annealed: ooF tensile 80, psi, yield 57, psi annealed , furnace cool. Normalize: cast oF, 1 hour, A.
Hardening: ooF, quench in oil. Normalize: wrought ooF, air cool. Chromium Molydenum Alloy. Harden: ooF 30 minutes, oil quench. Spheroidize: ooF furnace cool. Temper 4 hours to obtain desired strength.
See table below. This steel is improved by the addition of vanadium, and is primarily used heat treated to a tensile strength between and KSI. It is highly shock resistant and has better welding characteristics than higher carbon steels.
Spheroidize: Anneal: ooF, 2 hours, fast cool to ooF, hold 14 to 24 hours, air cool. Resulting hardness RB95 maximum. Intermediate stress relieve to restore ductility of formed parts, oF for 10 minutes, air cool.
Stress relieve af ter welding oF, 30 minutes minimum. Maximum time in salt 12 minutes. Double temper ooF for two consecutive 2 hour periods with intermediate cooling to room temperature. Weldability characteristics are good using the Tungsten-arc-inert-gas process. This steel is widely used where the higher strength and higher hardenability of is not required. It can be nitrided. Temper: normalized condition for machinability oF maximum. Full anneal at oF to oF furnace cool or cool in ash or lime.
Austenitize: o to oF 15 minutes per inch thickness, oil quench 75o to oF. Temper: to KSI, o to oF, 4 hours. This metal is used for such items as gears, shaf ts, pistons, springs, axles, pins, connecting rods. High Carbon, High Chromium Alloy. This steel is used for anti-friction bearings and other parts requiring high heat treated hardness of approximately Rockwell C60, toughness and good wear resistance qualities.
It is best machined in the spheroidized annealed condition. Heat to ooF, at 10oF per hour, hold 8 hours. Cool to oF at 10oF per hour. Cool to oF at furnace rate and air cool. Spheroidize: Slow cool about 5oF per hour following austenitizing by extended heating at a temperature near the ACM point or by isothermal transformation at oF following austenitizing. Harden: Quench in water from oFoF or quench in oil from ooF, then temper to desired hardness.
Normalize: ooF, 30 minutes, air cool. Austenitize: ooF, 30 minutes, oil quench. Sections 1 inch or less in cross sections may be air cooled. Temper: ooF, time and temperature depend on hardness desired. Stress relieve: ooF one to two hours, air cool. Nitralloy Mod. Steel ultra high strength Nitriding Grade. This alloy is well suited for case hardening by nitriding.
This process produces a case of extreme hardness without appreciably changing core tensile strength or yield strength. It is also readily machined. Af ter nitriding it may be used where high resistance to abrasion and mild corrosion resistance are required.
Low Alloy High Strength. This alloy is suitable for hot work die applications and structural material in aircraf t and missiles.
It may be heat treated to strength levels up to , psi, and at , has excellent toughness. At strength levels below , psi it is suitable for elevated temperature applications below oF. It may readily be welded and cold formed in the annealed or spheroidized condition. It also can be temper straightened. Available in most wrought forms and forgings. Normalize by slowly heating to ooF, air cool. Austenitize: ooF. Oil quench sections less than 2 inches thick. Temper: ooF 1 hour minimum per inch of thickness.
Nitride: ooF. BAR oF, oil quench sections less than 3 inches, water quench sections greater than 3 inches temper oF, 5 hours. Spheroidize Anneal: oF, 2 hours, then furnace cool to oF, hold 8 hours, furnace cool or air cool.
Stress relief parts af ter straightening, machining, etc. Temper: oF for tensile , yield, , Temper: oF for tensile ,, yield, , Temper: ooF for tensile ,, 2 hours per thickness, 6 hours minimum. Parts heat treated to ,, psi tensile and subsequently subjected to grinding, machining or straightening should be tempered to ooF, 4 hours minimum. Temperature should not exceed tempering temp or reduce the tensile strength below , psi.
Austenitize ooF, 15 minutes for each inch of thickness. Normalize, welded or brazed parts before austenitizing. Cool af ter austenitizing. To heat treat for regular machining, normalize or austenitize, then heat to oF maximum oF for hours. Resulting hardness should be BHN. Austenitize: ooF, oil quench. Tempering range is limited to ooF preferably no higher than oF. This alloy is easily welded by conventional methods using low hydrogen electrode of similar composition.
Steel Nickel Molybdenum Alloy. This is a high grade carburizing steel for use where reliability and uniformity are required. In welding the major problem to avoid is loss of aluminum and chromium in the weld area, the loss of which would prevent subsequent nitriding.
These two alloys are similar except that carbon content differs slightly. The carbon content of is minimum 0. It can be heat treated to strength values within a wide range. At , to , psi tensile this steel has been found superior to other common low alloy steels as well as some of the recently developed more complex low alloy steels.
It possesses fair formability when annealed and may be welded, by special processes, which require strict control. No welding shall be performed on this alloy heat treated above , psi unless specif ically approved by design engineer.
Temper, normalize condition for improved machinability oF maximum. Anneal: ooF, furnace cool or cool in ash o o. Carburize: ooF.
Where case hardening is paramount, reheat to ooF quench in oil. Tempering ooF is optional. It is generally employed for partial stress relief and improved resistance to cracking from grinding operation. This is a medium hardenability case steel. Its hardenability characteristics lie between that of plain carbon steel and the high alloy carburized steel. It may be used for average size case hardened automotive parts such as gears, piston pins, crackshaf ts, etc. Its application is primarily gears, spline shaf ts, hand tools, and machine parts.
Temper: oF for to , psi. Chromium Vanadium Alloy. These two steels are essentially the same, differing only in the amount of Vanadium. Alloy contains a minimum of 0. It is also used for valve springs, piston rods, pump parts, spline shaf ts, etc.
Recommend practice for maximum case hardness: Direct quench from pot. Case depth: 0. Case hardness: RC62 Recommended practices for maximum core toughness: Direct quench from pot. Case depth:. Steel Nickel Molybdenum.
This steel has excellent machinability at high hardness levels,. Tensile psi 90, yield 58, psi annealed. Temper: oF for tensile psi , yield psi , psi.
Steel-Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy. This is a triple alloy case-hardening steel with medium hardenability. It is primarily used for differential pinions, engine pins, gears etc. Case hardness: RC Single Quench and temper: 1 Carburize: oF for 8 hours. Direct quench from pot.
It is used for aircraf t engine mounts, and other aircraf t parts due to good properties when normalized in light sections, and its air hardening af ter welding. Temper: oF for tensile , psi yield 72, psi. Normalize: ooF. Steel Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy.
This steel is very similar to , but develops somewhat greater strength. Harden: ooF Carburize: oF for 8 hours, oil quench. Draw at oF Tensile: , psi yield 94, psi. This steel is similar to and though stronger. It is used for ring gears, transmission gears, cam shaf ts and for good core properties with high surface hardness af ter case hardening.
It is also used in the heat treated condition as chain, at about , psi yield strength. It is classed as medium hardenable. Anneal: ooF Tensile 90, psi, tensile. Temper: oF for , psi tensile, , psi yield strength. Steel Ni-Cr-Mo. Typical uses, propeller shaf ts, transmission gears, spline shaf ts, heavy duty bolts, etc. This steel is similar to It may be satisfactorily used for axles, tool bits, core drills, reamer bodies, drill collars, rods, aircraf t engine bolts, shapes, tubing.
Anneal: ooF Tensile , psi, yield 66, psi annealed Harden: ooF Quench in agitated oil Temper: oF for tensile , psi, yield , psi. Temper: oF for tensile , Steel Silicon. These are similar alloy spring steels, oil hardening type.
R Wiring Aerospace Vehicle. This specification covers all aspects in Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems EWIS from the selection through installation of wiring and wiring devices and optical cabling and termination devices used in aerospace vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include manned and unmanned airplanes, helicopters, lighter-than-air vehicles SAE AS describes how a wire should be identified and marked.
A wire identifier contains: 1 The circuit function letter 2 The wire number 3 The segment letter 4 The wire gauge.
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